Malawi was facing many challenges in the quality of education, such as a low pass rate in the Secondary School Completion Certificate Examination (MSCE) due to a shortage of secondary education teachers. Under these circumstances, the Japanese government implemented a series of technical cooperation projects related to Strengthening Secondary Science and Mathematics Education (SMASSE) and helped Malawi develop an in-service teacher training (INSET) system based on the concept of Activity, Student-Centered, Experiment, Implementation, Evaluation, and Improvement (ASEI-PDSI). However, there still remained a major challenge to improve the capacity of the majority of low-qualified teachers and to increase the number of qualified teachers who had acquired practical teaching skills. This cooperation included capacity building of local trainers, strengthening of central and local training centers (INSET centers), implementation of central and local INSET and monitoring and evaluation, strengthening of the INSET management system, introduction of the SMASSE approach in PRESET, and implementation of action research in INSET and Through the implementation of action research in PRESET, the project contributed to improving the quality of secondary science and mathematics teaching in Malawi by enabling Malawian secondary science and mathematics teachers to put into practice the skills and knowledge they acquired through INSET and PRESET.
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